Preheat Oven and Prep Muffin Tin. Preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C). Line a muffin tin with paper liners or lightly grease with cooking spray.
Mix Dry Ingredients. In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
Add Wet Ingredients. In another bowl, whisk together the sourdough discard, milk, vegetable oil, eggs, vanilla extract, lemon zest, and lemon juice.
Combine and Mix. Add the wet ingredients to the dry ingredients and stir until just combined. Be careful not to overmix; a few lumps are okay.
Fill Muffin Tins. Divide the batter evenly among the muffin cups, filling each about 3/4 full.
Bake Muffins. Bake in the preheated oven for 20-25 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean.
Cool. Allow the muffins to cool in the pan for about 5 minutes, then transfer them to a wire rack to cool completely.
Prepare Glaze. In a small bowl, whisk together the powdered sugar and lemon juice until smooth. Adjust the consistency with more lemon juice if needed.
Glaze Muffins. Drizzle the glaze over the cooled muffins. Garnish with additional lemon zest if desired.
Serve. Enjoy these muffins fresh, or store them in an airtight container for up to 3 days.